Village Administration of Rashtrakuta Empire There are different levels of Wali depending on the extent of love and unity with the Almighty that they feel and exhibit in their behaviour. They are closely connected to God to the extent that some of them remain cut-off from the real physical world as in the case of the condition of Wilayat Awwal. Walis or Sufi Saints are those who have established a connection with the universal consciousness. Vijayanagar empire includes the Sangama Dynasty, Saluva Dynasty, Tuluva Dynasty and the Aravidu Dynasty.Īnegondi, dramatic location and awesome architure with an out of the ordinary past this little village in Karnataka hasĬonsolidating the entire northern India, the early Gupta rulers had founded the stronghold of the Gupta Dynasty in India Vijayanagar Empire is also known as the Kingdom of Bisnegar. Recently Updated Articles in History of India When Razia, the ablest child of Iltutmish occupied the throne and decided to rule in her own right and curb the power of the nobles, they conspired, revolted and eventually succeeded in deposing her. They were loyal to Iltutmish but proved treacherous to his successors. Iltutmish had brought the to such a level by assigning all important posts of the state to them. The primary cause of Razia's failure was the growing ambitions of her Turkish slave-nobles. But ultimately she failed because she could not break their power. She succeeded in her attempt, for three years, ruled her kingdom well and kept the Turkish slave nobles under her control. Razia believed that it was in the interest of the state to create a strong monarchy and, therefore, desired to put a check on the power of the Turkish slave-nobles. She dressed herself in male attire and sat on the throne without veil because she wanted to perform her duties as a ruler unhesitatingly and truthfully. The first attack of nobles on Delhi was nullified by her by dividing them among themselves and she safeguarded her kingdom from involvement in the politics of Ghazni and Central Asia by refusing to help Malik Hasan Karlugh against the Mongols. She believed in power and prestige of the Sultan and tried to uphold them with her best abilities.
She understood the permanent interests of the state and pursued them in right earnest. Razia Sultana was endowed with all the admirable talents necessary for a Sultan. Razia succeeded in bringing about submission of all nobles. She made fresh appointments of the governors and redistributed the high offices of the State. Her primary aim was to make the Turkish slave-nobles subservient to the throne. After her initial success against the governors Razia tried to concentrate power in her own hands and succeeded. She showed dissension among her rivals and the confederacy of the nobles was broken. Thus her position became precarious in the very beginning of her reign. Politically she tried to establish her authority as Sultana and refused to share her absolute rule with her nobles and provincial governors. She was the first Muslim Sultana who challenged the traditions of Islam concerning women. Razia was a worthy daughter of a worthy father. Razia was more correct in upholding the cause of absolute monarchy initiated by Iltutmish in that infant stage of Turkish rule in India unlike her nobles who meant to divide the power of the state.
While Razia asserted her rights as the Sultana and decided to be the real ruler of her kingdom, the nobles and the provincial governors wished the right to choose the ruler and keep her or him dependent on themselves. With the accession of Razia on the throne of Delhi, the struggle for power between the Sultana and the Turkish slave nobles became quite evident.
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Like other Muslim princesses of that time, she was trained to lead armies and how to administer kingdoms. She ruled on the throne of Delhi from 1236 to 1240. But ultimately Iltutmish's son Firoz ascended the throne but his reign was short lived and was succeeded by Razia. Iltutmish nominated his Razia as his successor and coins were struck on which the name of Razia was inscribed along with the name of the Sultan. Razia Sultana (1205-1240) was the daughter of Iltutmish and the most deserving contender to the throne of Delhi after the death of Iltutmish.
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